9 Brachycephalic Dogs: A Guide to Flat-Faced Breeds

It's easy to recognize a short-snouted dog breed when you see one: those big eyes, wrinkly faces, and body rolls you just want to smush! While these pups are loved all over the world, brachycephalic dogs have unique histories and needs with their condition.  

Learn more about nine popular flat-faced breeds and the health, safety, and special care required to keep them feeling their best! 

What Does “Brachycephalic” Mean?

“Brachycephaly” translates from ancient Greek words for “short” and “head” and describes the syndrome where a skull shape is shorter than average in its species. This condition exists in many animals (including humans!) and can even develop after birth. However, brachycephalic dogs or cats are typically bred to have a short snout or a flat face on purpose. 

 It’s believed a shorter snout could have once benefited dogs while hunting or fighting, but today brachycephalic traits exist solely for cosmetic purposes.

9 Popular Brachycephalic Dog Breeds

Although this genetic condition is not naturally common, brachycephalic dogs have continued to grow in popularity over the years. Here are nine well-known flat-faced breeds! 

#1: French Bulldog

While the French Bulldog or “Frenchie” was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club way back in 1898, this little companion became a household favorite over a hundred years later!  

In fact, the Frenchie reigned as the most popular breed in the United States in both 2022 and 2023. From their manageable size to their good temperament, it’s clear why this loveable pup is a fit for many. 

#2: Pekingese

Beneath that lion’s mane of fur is another sweet brachycephalic dog breed, the Pekingese! This Chinese native was even nicknamed the “Lion Dog” over 2,000 years ago when they were considered royalty, according to DogTime.  

Today, you can still indulge the Pekingese in that royal treatment with a pampering grooming session and a rewarding chew treat afterward! 

#3: English Bulldog

Their wrinkly faces and big, underbite smiles (that are often drooling!) make the English Bulldog one of the most recognizable flat-faced breeds. While these pups share similar characteristics to the Frenchie, this is a much larger bully that is naturally protective, making them the ideal family-friendly pup.

#4: Pug

Big personalities can come in small packages! The Pug is another well-known brachycephalic breed with a curious temperament. This pooch is popular for their curly tail, wrinkly head, and big, sultry eyes that capture your attention.  

Pugs also have a reputation for sleeping, so don’t be surprised to hear loud snoring from this flat-faced breed.  

#5: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 

This friendly pooch is fit for a king! The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel has been admired by many for generations, including King Charles I and King Charles II, who the breed was eventually named after.  

Cavaliers love relaxing on their favorite person's lap, which is an ideal spot for a grooming session to keep their wavy coat looking silky!

#6: Boston Terrier 

The Boston Terrier may have originally been bred for sport fighting decades ago, but today this Massachusetts native is a sweet family companion! They've even been called “The American Gentleman” to put an end to their former reputation.  

Boston Terriers do have loads of energy to burn but should be satisfied with slower walks around the neighborhood. You can even try taking them swimming for an exercise that’s easier on their bodies! 

RELATED → Dog Swimming Safety: What to Know Before Diving In 

#7: Boxer

Athleticism and hard work have been a part of the Boxer’s DNA for millenniums. About 4,000 years ago, the Assyrians used large, powerful dogs called “Molossians” as weapons of war.  

Descendants of the Molossians became the Bullenbeisser (bull-biter), whose original purpose was to bait bulls, hunt, and pull carts. The smallest version of the Bullenbeisser eventually became the foundation for the guardian dog we know today! 

#8: Shih Tzu 

The charming Shih Tzu was once considered a prized dog back in ancient China for their desirable looks. Today, this small dog breed continues to be cherished for their beauty and will often compete in dog shows with their long locks on display.  

Although Shih Tzus can become mischievous when they’re bored, this spunky pup still wins first place in the hearts of many! 

#9: Bullmastiff 

If you’ve ever wanted a true guard dog, look no further than the Bullmastiff! This large pooch is a cross between a Bulldog & a Mastiff and was originally bred to protect English properties from poachers. Not only do they have muscular bodies, but they are highly intelligent and love a playful game or chewing challenge to stay occupied! 

Brachycephalic Dog Health Problems & Care

Flat-faced dogs have a higher risk of developing health problems because of their shorter facial anatomy. These conditions include: 

• Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS): Respiratory abnormalities from the short snout cause symptoms like snoring, wheezing, or even gagging.  
• Dental issues: A flat face reduces the gum area and misaligns the jaw, which results in overcrowded teeth. This makes it difficult to eat or chew and can lead to periodontal disease.  
• Ocular syndrome: The bulging “pop-eyed” appearance is a result of shallow eye sockets. This puts them at risk for eye problems like ulceration, inability to close eyelids, dry eyes, or overflowing tears. 
• Ear infections: Their narrow ear canals are prone to infection, which can cause ruptured eardrums.  
• Skin infections: Face or body wrinkles can get infected if the folds aren’t properly cleaned. 

If you do have a flat-faced dog breed, avoid intense exercise routines, which can become dangerous due to the dog’s obstructed airway. Speak to your veterinarian about different options for treating or preventing these common health problems. 

Cuties with Character

There’s no doubt these pups make great companions, but it’s important to be aware of these potential health concerns so you can meet their specific needs. With proper preparation and care, you can help keep these furry friends happy and thriving! 

Interested in learning about other unique companions? Check out these rare dog breeds from all over the world!